![]() ![]() ![]() Biden Oversees Record Border Crossers in U.S.Comer Demands Documents for VP Biden's Secret Pseudonym: 'Robert L. School Board Mocks Parents Who Support Reopening: They Want Their Babysitters Back (interview with Emily Oster) Emily Oster in Reason, 'Education officials should be working toward making it a reality as soon as possible, not lashing out at parents who have come rely on a service they pay for.Report: DeSantis Super PAC Posts Plan to 'Hammer' Ramaswamy in Debate.Hochul: Sanctuary City NYC 'Didn't Invite' All These Migrants.'They want their babysitters back,' Lisa Brizendine, a trustee of Oakley Union Elementary School District, told her colleagues during a pre-meeting session that they believed. Novak Djokovic Outlasts Biden's Unvaccinated Ban, Returns to U.S. A northern California school board discussed ways to limit the publics ability to speak at meetings and mocked parents who desperately want schools to reopen.Democrat-Run Washington, DC, Sees 27% Surge in Homicides Year-to-Date.Hawaii Wildfire Death Toll Hits 100+ as Biden Flags a Visit 'Soon'.Trump Faces 'Pardon-proof' Majority in Georgia.Feds Raise Concerns About Long Call Center Wait Times as Millions Dropped from Medicaid.Exclusive: Conservative Leaders Call for Impeachment Inquiry.Republican candidate for governor Glenn Youngkin has focused on the incident as evidence that major reforms are needed in public schools to protect children. “We don’t have time to be wasted on these phony trumped-up culture wars, this fake outrage, the right-wing media’s pedals to juice their ratings,” Obama said. Parents are also deeply upset by efforts to implement critical race theory into the public school curriculum. ![]() Obama dismissed the recent controversies as “fake outrage,” and “trumped-up culture wars” although he did not specifically refer to the incident. (Photo by ANDREW CABALLERO-REYNOLDS/AFP via Getty Images) Recently tensions between groups of parents and the school board increased after parents say an allegedly transgender individual assaulted a girl at one of the schools. – Loudoun county school board meetings have become tense recently with parents clashing with board members over transgender issues, the teaching of critical race theory (CRT) and Covid-19 mandates. The clientele were parents with their kids in school,” board member Richie Masadas said.A woman sits with her sign during a Loudoun County Public Schools (LCPS) board meeting in Ashburn, Virginia on October 12, 2021. The one-minute and 21 seconds long clip has been shared by Libs of Tik Tok on Twitter and has been viewed more than 80k times. ![]() “I totally hear that because my brother had a delivery service for medical marijuana. The unnamed teacher, whose school district is also not known, also made it clear that she hates those kinds of parents at school board meetings by reading a Dr Seuss parody. “They don’t know what we know behind the scenes, and it’s really unfortunate they want to pick on us because they want their babysitters back.” “They forget there’s real people on the other side of those letters that they’re writing,” said board member Lisa Brizendine. “B***h, if you’re gonna call me out, I’m gonna f**k you up. In the video, board member Kim Beede can be heard cursing in response to a comment a parent had posted about her. The president of a California school district was caught cursing on a hot mic during a school board meeting Tuesday after a parent gave a speech knocking masks in classrooms and COVID-19. The board members believed they were alone and were unaware that they were broadcasting the meeting live to parents. In a video obtained by Fox News, school board members can be heard cursing and claiming that parents with children at home are using marijuana at increased rates. California parents are calling for the resignation of the Oakley Unified Elementary School District Board of Trustees after board members made disparaging remarks about parents in an online meeting. ![]()
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![]() ![]() The difference S i = S 2 − S 1 is the entropy production due to the irreversible process. ![]() If we calculate the entropy S 1 before and S 2 after such an internal process the Second Law of Thermodynamics demands that S 2 ≥ S 1 where the equality sign holds if the process is reversible. We now consider inhomogeneous systems in which internal transformations (processes) can take place. For example, Fig.2 shows the TS-diagram of nitrogen, depicting the melting curve and saturated liquid and vapor values with isobars and isenthalps.Įntropy change in irreversible transformations One of the most common diagrams is the temperature-entropy diagram (TS-diagram). The values are indicated in blue in kJ/kg.Įntropy values of important substances may be obtained from reference works or with commercial software in tabular form or as diagrams. The blue curves are isenthalps (curves of constant enthalpy). The black curves give the TS relation along isobars. The red dome represents the two-phase region with the low-entropy side the saturated liquid and the high-entropy side the saturated gas. The red curve at the left is the melting curve. Temperature-entropy diagrams Fig.2 Temperature–entropy diagram of nitrogen. The only condition is that the thermodynamic parameters of the composing subsystems are (reasonably) well-defined. The laws of thermodynamics hold rigorously for inhomogeneous systems even though they may be far from internal equilibrium. The entropy of inhomogeneous systems is the sum of the entropies of the various subsystems. In this expression C P now is the molar heat capacity. ![]() for the performance of heat engines, refrigerators, and heat pumps.Īccording to the Clausius equality, for a closed homogeneous system, in which only reversible processes take place, Entropy is a key ingredient of the Second law of thermodynamics, which has important consequences e.g. įrom a macroscopic perspective, in classical thermodynamics, the entropy is a state function of a thermodynamic system: that is, a property depending only on the current state of the system, independent of how that state came to be achieved. In the important case of mixing of ideal gases, the combined system does not change its internal energy by work or heat transfer the entropy increase is then entirely due to the spreading of the different substances into their new common volume. The mixing is accompanied by the entropy of mixing. ![]() One of them is mixing of two or more different substances, occasioned by bringing them together by removing a wall that separates them, keeping the temperature and pressure constant. Many irreversible processes result in an increase of entropy. The entropy of the thermodynamic system is a measure of the progress of the equalization. Thus, when the system of the room and ice water system has reached thermal equilibrium, the entropy change from the initial state is at its maximum. In an isolated system, such as the room and ice water taken together, the dispersal of energy from warmer to cooler regions always results in a net increase in entropy. However, the entropy of the glass of ice and water has increased more than the entropy of the room has decreased. Over time, the temperature of the glass and its contents and the temperature of the room achieve a balance. For example, in a room containing a glass of melting ice, the difference in temperature between the warm room and the cold glass of ice and water is equalized by energy flowing as heat from the room to the cooler ice and water mixture. A thermodynamic model systemĭifferences in pressure, density, and temperature of a thermodynamic system tend to equalize over time. He showed that the thermodynamic entropy is k ln Ω, where the factor k has since been known as the Boltzmann constant.Ĭoncept Figure 1. Ludwig Boltzmann explained the entropy as a measure of the number of possible microscopic configurations Ω of the individual atoms and molecules of the system (microstates) which correspond to the macroscopic state (macrostate) of the system. Entropy is therefore also considered to be a measure of disorder in the system. The definition of entropy is central to the establishment of the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of isolated systems cannot decrease with time, as they always tend to arrive at a state of thermodynamic equilibrium, where the entropy is highest. Entropy predicts that certain processes are irreversible or impossible, despite not violating the conservation of energy. The term was introduced by Rudolf Clausius in the mid-19th century to explain the relationship of the internal energy that is available or unavailable for transformations in form of heat and work. In classical thermodynamics, entropy (from Greek τρoπή (tropḗ) 'transformation') is a property of a thermodynamic system that expresses the direction or outcome of spontaneous changes in the system. Measure of disorder within thermodynamic systems Conjugate variables ![]() |
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